Do Pashto ao português: a dinâmica migratória e a reintegração social de refugiados afegãos em busca de segurança no Brasil após o retorno do Talibã em 2021

Abstract

This paper aims to examine and reflect on the migratory dynamics and the process of social reintegration of Afghan refugees who sought safety in Brazil, triggered after the Taliban took power in Afghanistan in 2021. The research focuses on the experiences of these individuals allocated in Brazilian territory, seeking to understand both the factors that drove forced migration, and the challenges faced in the journey of adaptation and social reintegration. To this end, the trajectories taken by Afghan refugees from their departure from Afghanistan to their arrival in Brazil will be investigated, with an emphasis on the motivations for seeking safety and building a identity in a culturally distinct context. Consequently, the aim is to understand how this process of adaptation and social reintegration, permeated by structural difficulties, language barriers, cultural shocks and support networks, has shaped the experience and identity of these refugees in the contemporary Brazilian context. In this sense, the methodology used is based on the critical analysis of bibliographical references relevant to the topic, combined with the investigation of quantitative data on Afghan immigration abroad, especially in Brazil. Thus, the data presented will be used to measure the migratory flow of Afghans and identify the primary motivations that lead these refugees to choose Brazil as their destination, linking these reasons to the context of the search for safety after the return of the Taliban in 2021. Additionally, documents and reports produced by international organizations, such as the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), will be examined with the purpose of assessing the influence of external factors on Brazilian migration policy within the global scenario of humanitarian protection. In addition, the work includes a qualitative approach through the analysis of testimonies and life stories of Afghan refugees currently residing in Brazil. Based on their narratives, we intend to highlight the adversities experienced during their migration trajectory, in addition to the role played by social actors, whether civil society organizations or government institutions, in the process of reception and social integration. Finally, we intend to contribute to the understanding of forced Afghan migration to Brazil in favor of the search for security, dignity and belonging in the country