A violência fundante: parâmetros para uma escuta do trauma nas relações raciais, a partir das contribuições de Sándor Ferenczi

Abstract

The present study seeks to bring to light not only aspects of the founding violence of this country – marked by almost four centuries of extermination of native and African peoples and their descendants – but also its deleterious effects on society and, consequently, on the psyche of the black subject. , thought from the perspective of trauma theory. Thus, this research has as main objective to find in the psychoanalytic theories, both of Freud and Ferenczi, especially the latter, possible ways to answer whether racist violence and its traumatic repercussions on the psyche of the black subject can, effectively, be read from the perspective of the trauma theory proposed by Sándor Ferenczi. The psychoanalytic method was adopted for the theoretical foundation of this research, making it necessary to bring the theoretical contribution of black authors – not only from the area of Psychoanalysis, but from different areas that will be described later – and also the contribution from white authors, who, in addition to addressing the topic in their writings, also contributed to Ferenczian theory in this same context. The research was based on theoretical studies, but it was also carried out in a heuristic way, not being able to avoid the experience and listening of the researcher as a black subject in a racist society. To this end, initially, the historical aspects of the founding of Brazil will be addressed, based on what characterized relevant historical moments, however, now crossed by denial, that is: a non-discovery (invasion), a non-independence, a non-republic ( coup), a non-abolition and a post-abolition (inconclusive), facts that corroborated the creation of the myth of racial democracy, a kind of “make-believe”, along the lines of the primary process, so that it could be operate the “I know, but still”. Subsequently, we will deal with the theoretical part of trauma, based on Freud; Moving forward, the main axis will be the Ferenczian theory of trauma, in order to demonstrate how this is present in the decolonial psychoanalytic clinic, in which one can listen to the suffering arising from racial violence, as well as witness its effects on the psyche of black and brown patients. Next, we must talk about the black body, highlighting aspects such as body schema and body image in the conceptions of Dolto and Fanon, as well as narcissistic wounds and possible scarring. Finally, we will discuss the conception of the term literacy, with the aim of advancing a little in what was presented by the present researcher as a project (incubated from 2016 to 2018) for one of the axes of the work that gave rise to the Group of Work (study, research and intervention) “The color of malaise: from the invisibility of trauma to literacy”, developed together with the Department of Psychoanalysis of the Sedes Sapientiae Institute. This concept, due to its polysemic aspect, points to a loosening of the pact of whiteness, in accordance with what was stated by Bento (2022), consequently fraying the fabric of the negative pact advocated by René Kaës (2014)