Experiências sociopolíticas e disputas das ocupações de terra por direito à moradia: Grajaú onde a cidade acaba e recomeça

Abstract

This thesis is situated in the field of studies on social movements because it deals with a social movement that accompanies collective actions carried out in land occupations on the peripheries of the city of São Paulo. This research seeks to understand the reconfigurations of this collective action and urban conflict, based on daily political experience in land occupations located in the district of Grajaú in the extreme south of the city of São Paulo. We seek to investigate, based on the sociopolitical experiences carried out in the Anchieta and Gaivotas occupations, the changes that occur in the outskirts of São Paulo that affect collective action and urban conflict, the grammars and articulations that exist between social movements and collective organization groups when related to conflicts in peripheral territories and the configurations of young occupations in contemporary. We used as research methodology the survey and bibliographical review, documentary research especially in the União dos Movimentos de Moradia de São Paulo (UMM-SP) and in the technical consultancy Peabiru Trabalhos Comunitários e Ambientais, qualitative research inspired by the ethnographic method and records bibliography of the field notes. The research results demonstrate that the joint action of the housing movement and technical consultancies are very important to the socio-political organization of occupations. However, the conflict between housing and environmental preservation always becomes more acute in the face of the deterioration of socioeconomic conditions, the loss and reduction of family income, illness and loss of working capacity, which historically leads to the worst conditions of survival for the working class of lower yield. Segregation is still an important expression of the inequalities that exist in the city, but on the peripheries, it starts to be combined with more incisive and violent plundering practices to guarantee the process of primitive accumulation. A financial flow surrounding legal and illegal economic practices, circumvents urban conflicts in contemporary times. At the same time, the State appears engaged in facilitating eager business when it transfers responsibilities to non-governmental organizations and private companies. Violence is present in peripheral territories, just as evangelical religiosity is also very close to collective organizations. But it is neoliberal economic relations and financial circulation paths that intensify conflicts over land and housing on the peripheries of São Paulo