Tensões na construção das identidades quilombolas: a percepção de professores de escolas do quilombo de Jambuaçu Moju (PA)

Abstract

The main objective of this research, based upon a qualitative and ethnographic approach, was to study the quilombola identity ( quilombolas are inhabitants of the quilombos the hiding place of runaway slaves), in Jambuaçu, Pará State, Brazil, and its interfaces, based on statements of 6 teachers from 5 different communities in Jambuaçu. The following methodological procedures were adopted: bibliographical survey, interviews with opened questions , direct comment and systematization and analysis of collected data. Data and its analyses compose the chapters of the thesis, treated, with theoretical subsidies under the theme tensions in the construction of quilombolas identities . As a researcher, I examined carefully the statements of 6 teachers who work in 5 schools of 5 communities of the quilombo . The contents of these statements had been complemented with interviews carried through with 11 inhabitants from these same 5 communities (submitted to previous acceptance of interviewees and availability of transportation to transit among the communities). The interviewees were chosen amongst inhabitants who presented a profile whose characteristics should be involvement and representativity commitment in Jambuaçu. In addition, I carried through an interview with 30 students from the quilombo on their understanding of the quilombola identity in Jambuaçu. The results of the research indicate that the Quilombo of Jambuaçu daily experiment tensions with big companies which threaten its geographic area and its identity. As a result, the quilombola identity of this Quilombo revealed itself as a precarious, changeable and problematic one, while it searchs, as a continuous task, self-recognition in a collective way (in this area there are 14 freeholder communities, and one community has just initiated a process of regularization and delimitation of its geographic area). This study, as a conclusion, recognizes that the identity under process of construction in Jambuaçu Moju, Pará, is the identity of ideas and of project, much more than identity of belonging, which allows to enhance strategical importance of curriculum and teacher practice in its schools