O voto de protesto na política brasileira: uma análise entre novos governantes e o descaso crescente da população em relação à política

Abstract

This paper examines the phenomenon of protest voting in Brazilian politics and elections, emphasizing its growth since 2014 within a context marked by increasing political polarization and public dissatisfaction with traditional representatives. Understood as a manifestation of disillusionment with the prevailing political system, the phenomenon extends beyond the Brazilian political scenario to a global one, being associated with crises of representation and the erosion of democratic institutions. In this sense, understanding its particularities in Brazil contributes to a broader debate on the paths of contemporary democracy. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on bibliographical review, seeking to understand the relationship between the lack of political representation and the crisis of democracy, while examining the factors that drive voters to seek alternatives outside the traditional political system. The study discusses the historical origins of protest voting, its transformations over time, and the new forms it assumes in an environment of widespread disillusionment, in which unconventional candidacies gain ground as expressions of rupture and contestation. The findings indicate that protest voting, far from being episodic, constitutes a structural element of electoral dynamics, capable of influencing political representation and reshaping the party system