A legalidade do poder de veto pelo Conselho de Segurança da ONU

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the impact of the veto power within and outside the organizational structures of the United Nations (UN). However, before doing so, it seeks to explain the characteristics and functions of each of the organs that make up the United Nations. This assessment is initially approached from a historical perspective. In this section, the reasons behind the establishment of the veto prerogative will be examined, as well as how it has been used by the permanent members of the Security Council. Subsequently, the legality of the veto power is assessed from the standpoint of Public International Law, comparing it with the principles of sovereign equality among States and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). Then, to better understand the impact of the veto power, its legality and legitimacy are analyzed from the perspective of international justice. Special attention is given to the ethical responsibility of the permanent member states — the privileged states — and the exclusion faced by other states that do not hold the same power. Finally, the main demands for changes in the structure of the Security Council are examined, as well as the current infeasibility of effective reforms