Desindustrialização no Brasil: Governo Collor a Lula 2

Abstract

This study analyzes the phenomenon of deindustrialization in Brazil, focusing on the period of the Collor, Itamar Franco, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva administrations (1990-2010). The research examines the theoretical concepts of deindustrialization, its causes and consequences, presenting the main currents of academic debate that confirm or deny the occurrence of this process in the Brazilian context. The economic policies implemented during each government of the period in question are analyzed, as well as the impacts of the main economic plans of this period on the Brazilian industrial sector. The investigation demonstrates how trade liberalization, privatization of state-owned companies, exchange rate policy, and economic stabilization measures influenced the national productive structure, contributing to the debate on the existence of a process of premature deindustrialization in the country. It is concluded that, although there is evidence of a reduction in the share of industry in GDP and total employment, there are divergent interpretations regarding the causes and nature of this phenomenon, which may represent either a natural process of economic development or a premature loss of industrial capacity with negative effects for long-term economic growth