Os impactos da longevidade na Previdência Social: a efetividade das estratégias e propostas para a sustentabilidade

Abstract

This thesis aims to analyze the impacts of increasing longevity on social security, identifying the challenges faced by the pension system and proposing effective strategies to ensure its long-term sustainability. The rise in life expectancy, combined with sociodemographic transformations, imposes new demands on social protection systems, making it essential to understand the effects of this phenomenon and to seek effective solutions. Initially, the implications of population aging are explored, considering its relationship with time and its social repercussions, such as ageism and the challenges of social inclusion of older people. The historical transformations of fundamental rights are also addressed, with an emphasis on protection and initiatives such as the Decade of Healthy Ageing. Subsequently, the effectiveness of legal protection within the social security system is discussed, taking into account the policies of the Welfare State, legal frameworks, and social security as a mechanism for financial security in old age. Issues related to the vulnerability of old age, the need for a dignified minimum standard of living, and the possibilities of complementary pension schemes are also examined. The economic impacts of aging are analyzed from the perspective of financial balance within the social security system, considering funding sources, principles of equity, and the reforms implemented to adapt the system to the new demographic reality. In the context of intergenerational sustainability, the thesis investigates solidarity between generations and the effects of social and economic changes. Finally, proposals are presented to ensure the sustainability of Social Security in Brazil, including a revision of the funding model, taxation of automation, and strategies for a more inclusive reform. The thesis also proposes measures to expand labor market opportunities for the elderly population, through incentives and affirmative policies. Another alternative addressed is partial or progressive retirement, allowing a gradual transition from active working life to inactivity. In light of this scenario, the thesis suggests guidelines for future pension reforms, aiming at a fairer, more equitable, and balanced system capable of responding to social transformations and ensuring the protection of the elderly