Experiências e vivências sobre a reserva militar: relatos de militares da Força Aérea Brasileira

Abstract

The object of this study is the military reserve, in the context of the Brazilian Air Force, a military institution that is part of the Armed Forces, built up by the Brazilian state to protect and maintain the system in force. At the time of its institutionalization, the Armed Forces protected the interests of the Portuguese crown. In order to get closer to the field of study, an attempt was made to study the formation of the Brazilian state through its historical, economic, social and political apprehension. In a second step, the inclination was made to bring considerations about the FAB, creation, history, political and economic context, the careers of this weapon; aviation in Brazil and in the world and its interlocution in World War II. The study was qualitative in nature, with the research objective being explanatory. The objectives were organized as follows - general: to produce knowledge about the military field, with the military reserve in the FAB as a contribution, under the guidelines of social service, after the reconceptualization movement, which dialogues with Marxian thought, which will erupt in the apprehension of the military reserve in its singularity immersed in the social relations of contemporary capitalist Society - specific to analyze what forms the military reserve, in the FAB, takes in the neoliberal economic context; to verify what values are instilled in relation to the military reserve phase, (which is approaching retirement) in contemporary society; to build, through the oral history methodology, a space for these subjects and social subjects to narrate about their experiences of life in the "barracks" and with the military reserve; to understand the format of withdrawal from work in a bourgeois sociability, which has work as its founding axis; to see if there are any projects thought up, designed, experienced in this phase of life, after withdrawal from the world of work; as well as what links are embodied in these projects. The interest in the subject emerged from professional experience in this niche and the appropriation and articulations with the object that brought questions, in the face of the dilemmas verbalized, even with the security of income. Methodological procedures: the technical research procedure used was based on oral history interviews, with contributions from written sources. The material collected, "accounts of experiences", was subjected to analytical rigor, with the organization of thematic categories that emerged during the analytical reading. Considerations: the military reserve was understood in the context of neoliberal capital, through the category of productive restructuring, at which time the military worker experiences financial losses, like other workers; a new morphology is emerging in the working class of the military field: "subcontracted workers and workers on temporary contracts". At this stage, the housing issue becomes a social reality, because when the worker migrates to the reserve, he loses the right to live in the military villas. The sickness is accentuated, with diseases of the physical body. Social disenfranchisement occurs as a result of the loss of social relationships, the removal of the uniform, the loss of financial capacity, and the creation of strategies, affirmed as gratification, which open the way to differentiating the income of active and reserve military workers. Although on a formal level, in the Military Statute, there is a consolidated guarantee of equal pay for these groups. This is a field for studies, research and the work of social workers