A introdução da língua inglesa no Japão: reflexos nos animes e nas dinâmicas tradutórias

Abstract

Throughout the years and having as its main milestone the occupation of the country by the United States after the Second World War, Japan and its culture experienced a hefty introduction of foreign content from the US, such as cultural, technological, linguistic, and other elements. These elements can be perceived in the expression of Japanese speakers and the cultural content developed in their nation, which includes Japanese animations, otherwise known as anime, one of the most popular cultural products of the country. In them, it is possible to perceive many different contexts and levels of speech, in which gairaigo words (imported words, considered borrowings), pseudo-borrowings (imported words that adopt different and new ways of use), waseieigo (made-in-Japan English, qualified as pseudo-Anglicisms), suru verbs (which represent a type of grammatical fusion between both languages), and interjections are utilized. Through historic research, based on Minoru Shimizu’s essay Japanese English Education and Learning: A History of Adapting Foreign Cultures (2010), a profile describing the introduction of English in Japan and the cultural dilemma that it proposes was drawn. Taking advantage of the theoretical basis, (also discussed in Jeremy Munday’s Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, second edition [2008]) established by Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1977) concepts and the observations about the philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher’s ideas, it was possible to classify the occurrences of words and expressions from the English language and, with the assistance of Eugene Nida’s (1964a/1969/2012) methods of approach, analyze the translation issues offered by them, investigating the options chosen by translators responsible for English and Brazilian Portuguese subtitles in single episodes of six different anime available in Crunchyroll, a streaming service that licenses anime to the west