A “Turma do Ex-” e a ditadura militar: os oito anos de guerrilha jornalística e seu legado

Abstract

This thesis studies the trajectory of “Ex- Team”, designation given here to the group formed by some journalists from São Paulo’s press, egresses of the magazine Realidade (1966-1968, It’s called first phase) and of eight alternative periodicals created by the group, from 1970 to 1976, namely, Revista de fotografia, Anuário de fotografia, Bondinho, Grilo, Foto-Choq, Jornalivro, Ex- and Mais Um. In addition, the research includes four publications which involved the creation and participation of some members of the group, they are Extra Realidade Brasileira (1976), Repórter Três (1978), Caros Amigos (1997) and Edição fac-similar do jornal Ex- (2010). The cutting for the analysis of these productions privileged countercultural themes and resistance to the dictatorship policy, and to the newspaper Ex-, central object of the research, was made a detailed analysis of its contents. The methodology used tried establish an continious dialogue between the periodicals content and a series of interviews from simi-estructured script, with group members and professionals who could contribute with information for the purpose of research, dialogue mediated by the bibliography about the work of these journalists and related topics as the dictatorship military in Brazil, alternative press, counterculture and the American New-left. The realization of this work allowed demonstrating that, despite the critical commonly presented by the Brazilian orthodox left, many journalists from countercultural press and therefore nonpartisan, made a political journalism in the broadest sense of the term, producing producing reports and materials whose was focus on behavioral criticism, but also the opposition and resistance to the authoritarian state and the military government. This proves that, not always, supporters called “desbunde” fled the political responsibility and alienated the fight against dictatorship and defense of freedom of expression. The study also showed the consequences of the military coup on traditional Brazilian media, as presented part of the alternative press in the history of the 1970s