Oralismo e bilinguismo: as diferentes concepções da atuação fonoaudiológica

Abstract

Hearing is one of our five most important senses, because it is through it that we are able to perceive the sounds of the environment and the sounds of speech, playing a fundamental role in human communication. Hearing loss can cause serious disturbances in speech acquisition and language. The emotional, social and educational development of the child is shaken, as they are interconnected with the good development of communicative aspects. In order for the deaf individual to be supported, receiving the necessary support to guarantee their development as a whole, two general forms of performance of the speech therapy clinic can be found: Oralism and Bilingualism for the deaf. Objective: To describe the different conceptions of the speech therapist's performance for the development of the deaf child. Method: To carry out this research, an integrative literature review was carried out in order to answer the initial question of the research: What are the different conceptions of the speech therapist's performance for the development of the deaf child. For the survey of articles, a search was carried out in the following databases: Google Scholar and Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), during the last 10 years (2012-2022). The articles found will be analyzed through exploratory reading, in a qualitative approach. The analysis and synthesis of the data extracted from the articles were carried out in a descriptive way, making it possible to observe and describe them, in order to gather the knowledge produced on the topic explored in the review. Results: The search was carried out through online access and, using the inclusion criteria and the stipulated period, the final sample consisted of 22 articles, 11 related to Bilingualism and 11 related to Oralism. Conclusion: According to what was surveyed, it was noticeable (from the higher amount of research found in the database on Oralism compared to Bilingualism) that speech-language pathology work is still linked to the acquisition of language from 6 the oral method, and in the attempt of rehabilitation of a pathological being, instead of the visual-gestural method, with a view to the development of a deaf subject. However, it is reflected that the exclusive acquisition of oral language does not always guarantee a successful language development, since we are facing a language that requires interventions for its acquisition, not occurring naturally, as with sign language. . Therefore, it is clear that changes in the way that speech-language pathology studies and looks at the deaf as a subject and not as a hearing impaired person, are fundamental and necessary parts for breaking the stigmas still present in our profession. A look at difference, not disability, is needed