A política de inovação tecnológica e o uso do petróleo para a garantia do desenvolvimento nacional: limites e possibilidades a partir da Constituição de 1988

Abstract

The construction of national innovation systems is one of the new strategies adopted by countries in search of technical progress and economic and social development, especially in the search for the technological frontier of Industry 4.0. In Brazil, starting with the exploration of oil in the pre-salt deposits, the oil and gas innovation system assumes a strategic dimension in view of the fact that oil exploration in deep waters is a highly intensive activity in technology and innovation. Our research hypothesis is that there is an implicit constitutional link between the use of petroleum and technological innovation policy, established by the fundamental objective of ensuring national development (art. 3, II of the FC). We adopt the following premises: (i) The 1988 Constitution established a program of social and economic transformations and defined national development as one of the fundamental objectives of the Republic; The effectiveness of development, synthetically, can be understood as the overcoming of the peripheral and dependent condition and the internalization of the decision-making centers through scientific and technological autonomy;(ii) The Fourth Industrial Revolution has put back at the center of the debate the role of the State in the coordination and leadership of technological innovation policies, sharpening business and interstate competition for the domain of the frontier of scientific knowledge; (iii) countries that do not adopt their own strategies to dominate the new technological frontier, including a National System of Science, Technology and Innovation with high-level governance, run the risk of losing their economic sovereignty; The general objective of this work is to delineate, under the terms of the 1988 Constitution, the relationship between technological innovation policy and the economic activity of oil exploration as a necessary strategy to give effectiveness to the constitutional project of overcoming underdevelopment. Specific objectives are: (i) to discuss the state of the art of the implementation of the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation; (ii) to analyze the relationship between local content policies and investment in R&D&I by the oil industry; We used the dialectical method to develop this work