Binswanger e o pensamento de Martin Heidegger

Abstract

The objective of this work is to reflect on how Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966) appropriated the thought of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) in his work. We will underscore what was assimilated and what was discarded in the philosopher’s thinking. In this respect, in topic 2 we have a presentation of the philosopher’s ideas, emphasizing the moments most present in the reflections of the psychiatrist. This means that the analysis of the existentials – being-in-theworld, spatiality, meaning (Bedeutsamkeit), disposition (state of mind), understanding, discourse, care and others, as well as the temporal analysis of these existentials developed in Being and Time (1927), will take a certain priority over the rest of Heidegger’s work. This is justified given that from among the extensive work done by Heidegger, Binswanger basically had access to Being and Time and to the essay On the essence of fundament (1929), from which he drew the notion of project of the world. In topic 3, the presentation of Binswanger’s psychiatric thinking will focus on his phenomenological moments through the systematic presentation of the following texts: On phenomenology (1922), Vital function and inner life history (1927/28), Dream and existence (1930), On psychotherapy (1935), Three forms of existential failure and The case of Ilse. Through these works, we may perceive the presence of a central question in Binswanger: the pursuit of solid and human bases for the comprehension of suffering and the possibility of it being overcome, which requires an independent psychopathology of biology. Undoubtedly, the task requires a different understanding than that offered by the naturalist vision. This, possibly, is what will approximate Binswanger to the phenomenological proposition of both Husserl and of Heidegger. The extensive book Grundformen und Erkenntnis menschlichen Daseins (1942), important for clarifying his distancing from Heidegger, will be discussed based on some commentators because it has not been translated to Portuguese. Accordingly, we will have access to the elements the psychiatrist encountered and used from Dasein analysis, as well as to what was encountered and discarded because it did not please him. Finalizing our reflection, we will address the assessment, currently common among readers of Binswanger, according to which the psychiatrist would have committed an error in Grundformen, by interpreting the care (Sorge), that is, the being in Dasein, according to Heidegger