Yui Maru: as escolas de imigrantes japoneses e suas comunidades no Estado de São Paulo: a Escola Primária Kazushi e a Escola Campo Limpo (1930-1957)

Abstract

The history of Japanese schools is intertwined with the histories of Japanese immigrant associations, settled in isolated rural areas during the first decades of Japanese immigration to Brazil. As they are the center of gravity of the communities of these immigrants, they were criminalized, persecuted and closed during the Estado Novo, due to the policy of nationalization of the Portuguese language and the argument of surveillance in the name of national security. This work seeks to understand the history of two Japanese schools, Kazushi and Campo Limpo, in their relationship with their respective communities during the period of peak and closing of schools during the Vargas government. This study analyzes the history of schools in relation to the process of incorporation of Japanese immigrants in the case of the state of São Paulo. It is relevant because it adds to studies related to the history of Japanese schooling in Brazil, showing associations and contradictions between different cultures, given the composition of public education in São Paulo, especially during the Estado Novo period. For this work, the study by Demartini (2000) is used when he talks about the complexities of the framework of constitution of Japanese schools, showing their different forms of organization. For this purpose, documents contained in the Public Archives of the State of São Paulo, decrees and laws, documents referring to the installation of Japanese schools in the State of São Paulo and the testimonies of some of those involved will be studied