Futebol e resistência: o papel dos coletivos de torcedores na ressignificação dos modos de torcer (2013-2018)

Abstract

This research has as its theme a study on the performance of collectives of soccer fans belonging to two times from the State of São Paulo. The choice of this theme is justified, considering a scenario in which soccer is, more and more, seen as a privileged stage for manifestations of socially constructed discourses and historically linked by the construction of subjectivities of social subjects. In addition, football has been transformed into a mediatized spectacle aligned with neoliberal policies that seek to create an apolitized space in this sport. The research has as analyzers how fan movements make use of urban and digital spaces to politically express cases involving racism, LGBT phobia and the advancement of a neoliberal discourse in Brazilian football. In view of the period from 2013 to 2018, they were analyzed as actions of fan movements coming from the State of São Paulo. Totaling three objects of analysis, two from São Paulo: Palmeiras Livre and Ocupa Palestra. And one from Baixada Santista: Punk Santista. All of these objects have a fanpage - page - on the digital social network Facebook. Using Facebook, these movements build “self-communication” and seek to produce discourses contrary to those created socially. From this, the methodological part counted, for the analysis of the online speeches produced by the collectives on their fanpage on Facebook, with the contributions of Michel Foucault on the notion of discourse. In support of Foucault, a virtual language analysis model proposed by Freitas and Leão (2012) was used. In addition, EP Thompson's contributions were used, where we sought to understand, from experience, how the forms of resistance and action took place in the day-to-day of these movements, as well as, in light of the same perspective, and from interviews with members of the movements, how the social awareness and union of these subjects took place. In addition to looking at understanding the members' experiences, the calls made it possible to learn about the organizational structure and how the strategies of action of these movements took place. The inherent changes are of enormous importance, as they allowed to collect information that the written documents did not make available