Relação entre a política industrial e a desigualdade social no Brasil e perspectivas: período de 1976 a 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between Brazilian industrial policies and social inequality from 1976 to 2023, analyzing how incentives for industrialization impacted income distribution in the country. Using a qualitative and quantitative methodological approach, the work combines historical analysis of public policies with time-series econometric models, including variables such as the Gini Index, the percentage of manufacturing value added in GDP, inflation, and foreign direct investment. The results indicate that, although industrial growth contributed to economic development, there was no significant or direct causal relationship between industrialization and the reduction of income inequality. The analysis also discusses the applicability of the Kuznets curve to the Brazilian context, highlighting the persistence of structural factors that perpetuate inequality. It is concluded that industrial policies, by themselves, are not sufficient to ensure social equity, suggesting the need for complementary measures focused on income redistribution and economic inclusion