Efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório associado a treino ativo de membros inferiores sobre a qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional em idosos

Abstract

Introduction: The aging phase can be associated with pathologies that represent fragility for our body, such as sarcopenia, a process that occurs due to the loss of lean mass, muscle strength and a drop in physical performance. In women, this process can intensify during menopause due to hormonal decline, causing a loss of quality of life, functional capacity and decreased exercise tolerance. Highlighting the respiratory muscles, it is important to carry out inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in order to prevent lung functional decline. Objective: The study sought to analyze the effects of different IMT programs in the elderly on respiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, quality of life and functional capacity. Method: This is a randomized controlled study, carried out with 27 elderly people practicing programs at the elderly community center, randomly divided into three groups. In the evaluation, in all pre and post IMT groups, the spirometer was used to measure respiratory muscle endurance and the manovacuometer to evaluate the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), in addition to thoracic cirtometry to evaluate lung expansibility. The control group (CG) did guided breathing exercises and elastic bands, the training group 1 (G1) used Respiron® Athletic® and elastic bands for IMT and training group 2 (G2) also used Powerbreathe® for IMT. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the SF-36 Quality of Life questionnaire, in the Brazilian version, and functional capacity was assessed using the 1 minute sitting-rising test (SRT) from a chair. Results: The G1 suggested that IMT can improve muscular strength, in addition to being beneficial in gaining expansibility, muscular endurance, functional capabilities and QOL, G2 stood out in improving respiratory muscle strength and endurance, expansibility and exercise tolerance and CG was more evident in the improvement of lung expansion, expiratory force, exercise tolerance and QOL, even if at less significant values. Conclusion: The programs proposed in this study were effective in improving MVV and MIP in CG, G1 and G2. There was a relevant improvement in the intragroup analysis for the parameters axillary and xiphoid cirtometry, MVV, MIP and MEP. In SRT the improvement was significant between groups and within groups. Regarding QOL, in the intragroup analysis the improvement was significant in most domains