Condições de trabalho e desenvolvimento profissional de professores iniciantes em uma Rede Municipal de Educação

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the implications of working conditions on the professional development of beginning teachers in Municipal Education. Considered beginners were the teachers with up to three years of professional training, according to Huberman (2013) and those with more than three years of professional experience, but beginners in municipal educational , according to Burker, Christensen and Fessler (1984) and who entered the municipal education from 2013 to 2015. The aim was to characterize the beginning teachers; identify the contexts in which they operate; analyze the working conditions and identify the factors that favor or hinder their professional development. The data were produced through a survey-type research, with the participation of 121 teachers (60 beginners in the profession and in municipal education and 61 beginners in municipal education) who answered a questionnaire. Administrative-pedagogical guidance documents were also analyzed, interviews were conducted with three Municipal Education school managers, data from the 2014 and 2015 School Census and the 2010 Demographic Census were used. Data indicated that the beginning of teaching in Municipal Education was marked by a diversity of Factors that could now facilitate, or hinder the professional development of teachers. These aspects were especially related to working conditions, which were marked by great instability and discontinuity for most of the participants, characterized by differing working hours (only 56.2% of teachers were enrolled in 1/3 days for extracurricular activities ); performance in more than 3 schools (more than 50% of subjects experienced this condition); little time at the school they were in (73.6% were in school less than a year); more than one level of education (a total of 69.42% of the subjects had worked in Infant and Elementary Education) and in more than one class (only 4.1% taught only one class, while the others In more than two and even in 6 classes). A total of 42.1% of the participants were in the intermediate shift and only 26 teachers had participated in a training for beginners, before being directed to the first school. Nearly 70% of teachers were in hard-to-reach schools. It is considered that the short period of stay in a single school and the transit through different classes, besides experiencing differentiated days bring great complexity to the work, making difficult the tasks related to the school planning; the knowledge of the students and the context of action; the establishment of links with the work pairs and, also, ruining the possibilities of the accomplishment of formative actions located in the school, that are favorable to the learning of the teaching. It is also pointed out that the time limits of what can be considered as "beginning of teaching" depend on career conditions and need to be analyzed in a particular way. It is suggested that as long as the teacher does not achieve stability and continue experiencing their professional experiences in conditions of precariousness, it may be considered beginner