O sistema de financiamento multilateral para o desenvolvimento sustentável na Ásia: uma análise comparativa entre o Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento (ADB) e o Banco Asiático de Investimento em Infraestrutura (AIIB)

Abstract

With the evolution of international aid policies following World War II, the Multilateral Development Financing System (MDFS) was established through the creation of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). These institutions have become central to promoting the economic and social development of countries. In Asia, the first MDB was the Asian Development Bank (ADB), established in 1966 under Japanese leadership and with significant U.S. influence. The ADB operated as the sole regional MDB in Asia until 2016, when the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) began its operations under Chinese leadership. This has resulted in a scenario in which two MDBs—with distinct founding contexts and divergent leadership—now operate concurrently in the region. Despite their differences, both the ADB and the AIIB aim to foster development across the Asian continent and have recently prioritized the financing of sustainable development. This research project aims to conduct a comparative analysis of these two MDBs and their roles in financing sustainable development since 2016. The study seeks to investigate two main hypotheses regarding their coexistence: the first posits that the banks cooperate with each other, thereby strengthening regional development; the second suggests that they compete for influence and geographical reach. Additionally, the research explores a third hypothesis: that the AIIB serves as an instrument for China to construct a multilateral development financing system aligned with its own strategic interests. Ultimately, the project aims to understand the implications of ADB–AIIB coexistence and the broader impacts of their activities on Asia