Em busca da saúde ético-política: a atuação da psicologia social no desastre em mineração

Abstract

This thesis discusses the health of populations affected by mining dams from the perspective of social psychology. As the cause of the suffering and illness associated with the Samarco disaster (Vale / BHP Billiton), we understand that care must also be part of the damage repair process and that individual impacts cannot be separated from a social perspective, given the character political worsening of health. Our greatest purpose is that the affected people can change the power relations historically established by the risk-producing business mining model and exercise power of action over their own vital conditions and power over their territory. Thus, we propose the concept of ethical-political health at the interface with ethical-political suffering to overcome dichotomies between body and mind, objectivity and subjectivity. Health is understood in this work as a power of transformative action, which is the ability to affect and be affected by the world, by the experiences of the subjects' encounters with each other, which is found in the order of human coexistence, the dimension of social inequality and justice. These ideas are based on Espinosa's theory of affects. The field research took place in 2016 in the city of Barra Longa (MG), the urban area most affected in the entire path of tailings arising from the rupture of the Fundão dam in 2015. The methodological framework used was the Participant Action Research, carried out in the following areas of action: everyday life in the city; assemblies, acts and meetings; the activities of the Coletivo de Saúde of the Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB). Our analyzes, gathered in units, sought the expression of the most powerful affections, in parallel to the actions and ideas, through the complaints presented by the population in public spaces, and indicated that: i. the experience in the city “construction site” made the disaster present, producing movements that are sometimes active, sometimes reactive, making up much of the daily dynamics; ii. in this context, complaints of suffering and illness, based on the images of their bodies, were neither recognized nor assisted by the company or by the municipal government, which strengthened the chain of sad affections; iii. the health issue was gaining legitimacy as a political agenda among the interlocutors, and the insistence for care, itself, became an ethical-political health production. Finally, our analyzes pointed out that the production of ethical-political health of the affected population must overcome heteronomy, as well as naturalizing and individualizing views, and have as a condition the decision-making power and participation of the affected people in the care process itself, as well as as in the damage repair process as a whole, or even, health care actions must be in accordance with life strategies