Saber morrer: o papel pedagógico da morte na doutrina espírita kardecista à luz do ser-para-a-morte heideggeriano e da aceitação da morte enquanto libertação em Leon Denis

Abstract

Introduction - The theme of death is less and less beneficial in relation to the hygienizing ideals of modernity. Death is condemned to remain anonymous as the human being goes out in search of a way to complete himself through material dreams, and is bound, sooner or later, to meet his inevitable end. Since many social problems are linked to the impossibility of human beings to admit and assimilate their condition of being mortal, a "knowing to die" is urgent, through an education to death. Allan Kardec's spiritist doctrine comes with the promise that through it it would be possible for the individual to obtain rational knowledge of the still obscure questions of the universe and affirm the existence of an immortal soul, thus making the human being an immortal being in its essence. Is Spiritism a viable possibility for a "knowing to die" from a religious bias? Objective - From the idea of an "existential quality," based on Heidegger's “being-towards-death” and the idea of death as liberation in Leon Denis, investigate whether the Spiritist doctrine presents itself as a viable possibility of a "knowing to die" in religious bias, making the individual assimilate his or her own mortal condition and, in this way, living better for himself and for the other. Methods - Reading the works of Allan Kardec, who composed the so-called "Spiritist Codification", was first read to present the theme of death under the vision of the Spiritist Doctrine. In a second moment, we present the idea of "existential quality" exposing the theme of death in Martin Heidegger and Leon Denis, making the counterpoint and the convergences between these thoughts. Finally, the problem involved in the lack of an education for death in the present day and how this educational act could be made possible was based on the work "Education for the death" of the Brazilian spiritist thinker Herculano Pires. Results - We conclude that Allan Kardec's spiritist doctrine presents itself as a great aid to "knowing to die" under a religious bias and a clear possibility of making the individual assimilate his condition. However, care must be taken with proselytism, since both Allan Kardec, Leon Denis and Herculano Pires themselves tend to put Spiritism under a Salvationist aegis, presenting it as a "scientific" doctrine that offers "rational "to the phenomena that religion usually treats from the myths