Adoção: desafios na construção da filiação e da parentalidade - uma reflexão psicanalítica

Abstract

This work is the fruit of a long psychoanalytical experience with adopted children and their families seen in private and institutional psychotherapeutic consultations throughout the process of adoption. The psychological situation of these families is interwoven in a complex set of emotional, social and political aspects. Social assistance, educational and juridical institutions generate effects on the psychotherapeutic work. The main objective was to study the emotional and subjective aspects that emerge when new family relationships are beginning to develop. Special attention was given to the aspects that are favourable or unfavourable to the construction of such family bonds. A main point was to determine the importance and the scope of psychotherapy contribution to the success of the adoption processes. The clinical work was based on the psychoanalytical listening to the unconscious and transformed into case histories and vignettes. The research showed that adoption brings many risks and threatens mental health of those involved in it. When more importance is given to psychotherapy, the experience tends to be more gratifying. Psychotherapy is essential specially when families choose to adopt older children or a group of brothers and sisters. Elaboration of separation, mourning and transformation of primitive ideals is made possible through psychotherapy, besides the creation of new identifications and bonds of love. The theoretical basis was the work of Freud, Ferenczi, Klein and Winnicott, new authors that belong to this tradition and Brazilian authors who published on the subject of adoption