Heidegger e a fenomenologia como explicitação da vida fáctica

Abstract

The publication of Martin Heidegger´s Complete Works has been offering new elements for students to consider his intelectual trajectory. In the early 1920´s, he shares Husserl´s perception that philosophy is [CONFUSÃO MIXED UP] and can only be phenomenology. He disagrees that phenomenology must be limited to the description of the consciousness. It is the explicitation of factical life experience (faktische Lebenserfahrung). In his theological studies, Heidegger discovered the questionability of each one´s concrete life. Theoretical knowledge, which drives contemporary philosophy and, according to him, has its beginning in greek philosophy, is unable to describe it. Factical life experience is not objective, thus a new method is necessary to describe it. Phenomenology is such method. This study focuses on the lecture course called Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion, taught in the 1920-21 winter semester. The lessons show contemporary philosophy´s inability to access the factical life experience of primal christianity found on Saint Paul´s Epistles. Phenomenology allows such proto-christian religious experience to show itself. It is a way of living one´s life in which one figts against the tendency to seek ilusionary security in daily experiences. For the christian, the end of time is already present since conversion. And conversion is always actualized. Heidegger discovers a temporality that is different and inaccessible to theory, which only know chronological time. It is factical life experience´s kairological time. Metaphysics is thus a way of seeking security. In this study, the lesson course is contextualized within Heidegger´s historical moment. Philosophy and life are implicated. Next, Heidegger´s way of demonstrating factical life experience´s originality and philosophy´s need of returning to such origin are shown. To do so, are presented 1) a brief description of factical life experience , 2) the formal indication as the phenomenological concept able to describe it, and 3) philosophy and the sciences as its possibilities. At last, Heidegger´s interpretation of Saint Paul´s Epistles is followed in order to understand the apostle´s factical life according to how it shows itself, instead of taking as point of departure previously conceived theories. In doing so, it is human life which unveals itself. That is the task of phenomenology