DSpace Coleção:https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/174172024-03-28T12:20:23Z2024-03-28T12:20:23ZA contestação de normas frente ao Regime Internacional de Direitos Humanos: uma análise crítica das práticas contestatórias de Donald Trumphttps://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/411592024-03-27T11:50:12Z2024-02-20T00:00:00ZTítulo: A contestação de normas frente ao Regime Internacional de Direitos Humanos: uma análise crítica das práticas contestatórias de Donald Trump
Abstract: The present study aims to construct a critical outlook on the stance taken by the former U.S. President Donald Trump (2017-2021) towards the International Human Rights Regime (IHRR), reflecting on his practices of contestation against the norms and institutions of this regime. Although contesting international norms is a legitimate practice among states and has been a prominent characteristic of U.S. administrations over the years in their relationship with the regime in question, we understand that those performed by Trump warrant special attention as he presents a considerably more aggressive and disruptive stance towards human rights compared to his predecessors, guided by a clear far-right ideology. However, before delving into Trump's policies and practices, we believe it is necessary to shed light on some of the structures of the regime, as well as to locate the position occupied by the United States within its context. Thus, we first turn to the bibliography of authors specialized in the American political scenario, as well as in the international human rights regime, in order to offer a historical-political panorama, albeit not exhaustive, of the process of structuring the regime and the intricate American insertion within it. Then, utilizing the theoretical lens of Constructivist International Relations, termed "norm contestation," we seek to create analytical foundations that allow us to examine Trump's stance more critically. Having
established these historical-political bases and our theoretical framework, we subsequently empirically highlight some of the manifestations of the president's contestation in different topics related to human rights, primarily reflected in the boycott and withdrawal from norms and institutions that underpin the regime and give it meaning. Finally, we subject these practices to analysis through the chosen theoretical lens, aiming to highlight the main strategies, objectives, precedents, and possible effects of such actions carried out by the Trump administration towards the IHRR
Tipo: Dissertação2024-02-20T00:00:00ZMorte e vida palestina: a reorientação tática do colonialismo israelense na Faixa de Gazahttps://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/400432023-12-04T12:11:52Z2023-10-16T00:00:00ZTítulo: Morte e vida palestina: a reorientação tática do colonialismo israelense na Faixa de Gaza
Abstract: For the first time, in August 2005, the Israeli State withdrew its settlements from a Palestinian territory that had been under military occupation since 1967: the Gaza Strip. Since then, Israel claims it no longer has any responsibility for that space and its population, with the justification that there is no longer a military occupation in Gaza. However, far from “disengaging” from Gaza, Israel began to exercise a type of domination by remote control, in which infrastructure networks became the main mechanism of control over the life and death of Palestinians in the region. This domination is exercised not only through control over Gaza’s borders, but mainly through the implementation of “economic de-development” and policies of socio-spatial isolation. This thesis aims to analyze such policies in order to answer the following questions: how and why did the State of Israel reorient its tactics of colonial domination in Gaza? We argue that disengagement was a tactical reorientation of forms of colonial domination, which materializes in the functioning of mobility policies, control of economic infrastructure and resources. In this process, there is a fundamental articulation between colonial politics, understood in terms of ideology and grand strategy, whose objective is to conquer the greatest amount of land with the smallest number of natives possible, and the policies, understood in terms of tactics and public policies, which by its turn are informed by politics and give meaning to the project of Israeli settler colonisation of Palestine. A genealogy of the economic dedevelopment and socio-spatial isolation of the Gaza Strip reveals that, at least since the 1980s, it has become a major demographic threat to the establishment of an Israeli state with a Jewish majority. Disengagement would be a way to resolve this demographic equation, which was unfavorable to the Israelis, while maintaining control over the space, population, and resources of Gaza, now operating “remotely”. The impacts of implementing such policies are daily experienced by Gazans, who are unable to develop their own socioeconomic life in an environment where resources are scarce. Gazans are also constantly placed in a limbo between life and death, due to the infrastructural violence they face. In this scenario, life in Gaza, narrated by its own inhabitants, resembles more a “slow death” than a dignified life
Tipo: Tese2023-10-16T00:00:00ZEntre caravanear e acampar: um olhar crítico sobre o êxodo centro-americano contemporâneohttps://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/400112023-12-04T10:47:05Z2023-10-06T00:00:00ZTítulo: Entre caravanear e acampar: um olhar crítico sobre o êxodo centro-americano contemporâneo
Abstract: This research intends, in general, to construct a critical look at the contemporary Central American exodus by considering the interaction between the practices of migration caravans and informal camps erected in the cities of northern Mexico, based on the understanding that the immigrants use the transit methods of the collective and visible body and the individual and invisible body, with their respective strategies, to move around. For such, a dialogue is proposed between the theoretical-conceptual discussion of Critical Migration Studies and the empirical landscape of the Central America - Mexico - United States migration corridor to understand the immigrant as an active agent of this dynamic of crossing in parallel with the actions by States to exhaust them. This interaction was materialized in three central dimensions: (i) understanding the stages of Central American migration before migration caravans and informal camps; (ii) in the delineation of US and Mexican migration policies, especially those formulated and implemented during the Donald Trump government; and, finally, (iii) in the characterization of the double use of methods of the collective and visible body and the individual and invisible body by Central Americans when entering both migration caravans and informal camps. It was therefore found to be essential to expand studies on the contemporary Central American exodus in two senses: in a reflection on the bias of immobility with informal camps and in an approach to how these two migratory practices, caravans and camps, are considered collective actions that are also realized in the individual sphere of everyday life when migrating from Central America through Mexico
Tipo: Dissertação2023-10-06T00:00:00ZGovernança da segurança, ordem social e segurança privada em perspectiva internacional: uma análise do Central City Improvement District da Cidade do Cabohttps://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/395002023-10-06T04:06:35Z2023-04-18T00:00:00ZTítulo: Governança da segurança, ordem social e segurança privada em perspectiva internacional: uma análise do Central City Improvement District da Cidade do Cabo
Abstract: Global security governance has undergone significant changes in recent times. Currently, the field of security has been shown to be highly pluralized, since security is not only provided but also governed by different actors inserted in complex networks of interaction. In this scenario, the significant growth of the commercial private security sector stands out. Today private security companies (PSCs) and other actors have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life, given that at least half of the world's population lives in countries where there are more private security officers than police. Several interconnected dynamics, which involve, for example, the diffusion of neoliberal Governance modes, the commodification of security and the diffusion of risk mentalities, resulted in this scenario of pluralization of security governance and expansion of private security. Such processes have even contributed to changing the way of thinking and acting with regards to security, leading to the emergence of new nodes of authority and governance that are simultaneously public, private, local and global in terms of resources, discourses, technologies and actors. These nodes translated, in practice, into new configurations of policing, through which security is carried out based on specific definitions of order, conduct and community. This research turns to understanding the role of private security in the midst of these policing schemes, which have gained considerable relevance both locally and internationally, and what is the ideal of security and order that these services help to reinforce. The case of the Cape Town Central City Improvement District (CCID) is taken as an example to understand the role that private security plays. The project of the Improvement Districts, which became a global reference adopted in many different places, was applied in the capetonian context as a way to guarantee objectives of social order, economic development and urban revitalization. It is argued that, based on these initiatives, private security acts directly to maintain and reinforce distance, inequalities and exclusionary notions of order that, in turn, feed fears and rationales that contribute even more to expanding the demand for its services. This logic is understood as a standard action of PSCs around the world, but it is also worth considering how this is translated through the association with specific local dynamics and produces new modes and practices of governance that spread globally
Tipo: Dissertação2023-04-18T00:00:00Z