Transição energética e biocombustíveis: avaliação dos impactos financeiros em empresas do setor de combustíveis no Brasil

Abstract

The energy transition has caused important changes in the fuel sector, expanding the use of renewable sources and requiring greater transparency about the financial and environmental impacts of companies. In this scenario, this research aimed to analyze whether the profit of major Brazilian fuel companies is related to the commercialization of biofuels and to verify whether there are metrics capable of supporting this analysis. The methodology employed was qualitative and descriptive, based on documentary analysis of the financial and sustainability reports of Petrobras, Cosan, Vibra, and Prio. Economic-financial indicators were evaluated, such as net margin, return on equity, and revenue evolution. Climate information disclosed by companies was also observed, considering the requirements of IFRS S1 and S2, which will come into force in 2026. The results indicate that there is no single pattern among the companies: although all operate with biofuels, the direct relationship between this activity and the increase in profit varies according to each company's strategy and business model. The main contribution of this study is to show how the sector is advancing in the integration between financial performance, sustainable fuels, and climate reporting. The work also provides useful information for investors and sector professionals by highlighting challenges, opportunities, and trends that influence the competitiveness and preparation of companies for new international standards