Financeirização sustentável no Brasil pós-Acordo de Paris: limites na transição para uma economia verde em um contexto neoliberal

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how sustainable financialization in Brazil, especially after the Paris Agreement (2015), has been incorporated into the transition toward a green economy within a context shaped by neoliberal practices. Although green finance instruments are widely promoted as financial mechanisms for climate mitigation, their implementation takes place within an economic system driven by financial valorization and the maintenance of unsustainable long-term production patterns. Thus, these practices are constrained by the structural dynamics of neoliberal capitalism, which shape their scope, limitations, and contradictions. The central challenge of this research is to determine whether these instruments can contribute to a consistent socio-environmental transition in Brazil, with measurable and lasting effects, and how this contribution is conditioned by consolidated economic and political structures. The main hypothesis suggests that, although these instruments have the potential to mobilize capital toward environmentally responsible initiatives, their effectiveness is limited by the characteristics of contemporary neoliberalism — such as the financialization of public policies, the prioritization of short-term returns, and the commodification of natural assets — which may compromise their capacity to promote genuine environmental and social development. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis, drawing on critical authors from the fields of neoliberalism, political economy, and green finance. National regulatory frameworks are examined in dialogue with international references on sustainable financial governance. Through the analysis of these frameworks and data on the performance of green financial instruments in the country, the study seeks to understand how they reflect both the adaptation of financial logic to the environmental agenda and the structural limitations that hinder their full effectiveness. The expected results include assessing the effectiveness of these instruments in Brazil’s economic and productive transformation after the Paris Agreement, identifying institutional barriers that constrain their application, and recognizing opportunities to reconcile economic development, social justice, and environmental responsibility