Segregação e os efeitos no laço social com a pessoa em situação de rua

Abstract

Those who live in large metropolises daily face the challenge of encountering thousands of people experiencing homelessness. The growing number of marginalized people highlights the urgent need for various sectors of society to focus on this phenomenon, which manifests with intense complexity. The historical trajectory of psychoanalysis, marked by significant contributions to understanding the problems of its time, provides the practical, ethical, and theoretical legacy that guides this dissertation. The work proposes to investigate this intricate social phenomenon, highlighting the logic of segregation as understood by psychoanalysis and its impacts on the subjectivity of people living on the margins, thus configuring a new social tie based on the segregating structure itself. Having been involved for many years in direct care for this population through public policies, it was possible to encounter, at different levels, the presence of segregating structures and to map their effects and the unfolding of these dynamics, emphasizing their implications for public mental health and clinical praxis. With the aim of developing this question, this dissertation begins by revisiting the history of capitalism and the increase in people experiencing homelessness, as observed by Marx during the Industrial Revolution. In Brazil, the union with the slave system led to abolition but maintained the racist structure that perpetuated poverty, highlighting the social fragility and political nuances still observed today. After this historical review, the study analyzes contemporary discourse and social ties based on the epistemological foundations of Freud and Lacan. In this context, the Lacanian understanding of discourses, the formation of social ties, and the mechanisms of segregation are highlighted. Following this path, fragments of clinical care are presented that illustrate what is referred to on the streets as "mangueio" and the effects of segregation, showing how the subject is compelled to build their social ties to cope with the place they are put in. This has significant implications, observed through clinical vignettes that demonstrate the psychic subjectivation and the discomfort of this segregation. Throughout the process, various elements emerge that discuss the importance of considering the subject, as understood by psychoanalysis, in the care for this population living in critical situations, without discarding the subject of rights, but not listing it as the sole ethical horizon