O pensamento heideggeriano como fio condutor para pensar situações-limite e angústia: modos de correspondência

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes how the fundamental attunement of anguish, as elucidated in Martin Heidegger’s (1889–1976) existential analytic, can contribute to understanding the phenomenon of limit-situations and the ways of corresponding to such experiences. The research method employed is hermeneutic phenomenology, grounded in Heideggerian thought. The study focuses on the analysis of key conceptual frameworks developed by Heidegger regarding the human being as Dasein , with an emphasis on his seminal work Being and Time (1927). Expressions such as “crisis,” “extreme condition,” and “psychological limit” reflect the central concept of limit-situations, sharing similarities in meaning. The concept of this phenomenon has been explored by various authors, including philosopher and psychologist Ignacio Martín-Baró (1942–1989), educator Paulo Freire (1921–1997), philosopher Álvaro Vieira Pinto (1919–1987), and philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers (1883–1969). Jaspers stands out for his profound treatment of the phenomenon, describing it as ruptures that open existence to the dimension of transcendence. In 1921, while making significant strides toward the foundation of his project culminating in Being and Time, Heidegger reviewed Jaspers book “Psychology of Worldviews” (1919), emphasizing the fundamental difference in how each thinker approaches the meaning and significance of these limit-situations for understanding the human condition. Heidegger introduced a significant conceptual shift by moving the discussion from the psychological and existential domains to the ontological. In reflecting on limit-situations, this phenomenon emerges as capable of directly leading to the fundamental boundaries of human existence, moments in which anguish can surface. In this study, Heideggerian thought is revisited as a guiding thread for contemplating limit-situations and anguish