Educando as mãos e o olhar: uma história da disciplina de trabalhos manuais no estado de São Paulo (1925 – 1969)

Abstract

The study of school subjects, considering them as a social product, is capable of elucidating cultural, ideological, ethical, aesthetic, social and political issues that arise and are strengthened within the scope of school organizations. Bearing in mind the question of its mutability during the historical process of its existence, the practices, the need for materials and objectives of a discipline make us understand the dominant aesthetic values, and the devalued ones, which are registered at different times. The objective of this work is to analyze the discipline of Manual Work, between the years 1925-1969 and the correlation between Art and work within its contents, to understand its aesthetic ideal and its body of schooled knowledge in the state of São Paulo. To do so, we use the crossing of documentation obtained, aiming to understand what the knowledge of that discipline was. A documentary analysis of legislation, photographs, textbooks, magazines, periodicals, yearbooks, and reports produced by the Public Inspectorate of the State of São Paulo and other documents produced in the school environment, which served the analysis proposed here, was carried out. For this research, the ideas about school subjects thought by Bittencourt (2009), Chervel (1990), Souza (2013), Tardif (2014) and Julia (2002) and school aesthetics and sensitivity, considering the studies of Pablo Pineau ( 2014), were studied and point to aesthetics as a formation movement that gives us indicators of what to look at and general records of what can be considered beautiful, or not, during a given space-time