Profissões do futuro: Quarta Revolução Industrial e a capacitação de mão de obra com base no modelo suíço-germânico

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to open up a discussion about the Brazilian ability to produce qualified labor force, both in quantity and at the speed that the implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution imposed on countries that wanted to be manufacturing poles in the early 21st century. The following text was divided into chapters that describe at first the so-called "Industry 4.0", and what the evolution forecasts suggested for the Brazilian manufacturing sector from the 2020s onwards. The core part of this study, however, consists of pointing out the flaws in the pace of employee training and development, which up to 2021 could not meet the urgency demanded by technological advances observed in production lines. Such gaps in the Brazilian method of professional training are presented in this study and based on a comparison with successful policies of secondary technical education adopted particularly by Germany and Switzerland. The two European nations were determined as an object of study because the Brazilian National Service for Industrial Learning (SENAI) was inspired by their professional training methodologies in the 1940s. Also, the extensive research presented in this essay offers arguments that support the statement that SENAI represented the organization that best prepared workers for the industrial sector in Brazil, at least until the beginning of the 2020s. The objective of this study is to communicate the relevant fact that SENAI was known worldwide for its excellence in professional training by the end of the data collection period in 2021. The arguments are supported by the description of the performance of Brazilian secondary students in editions of the most important world competition for students at a technical level, as well as by the transcripts of interviews with specialists in the subject, including foreign experts. The goal is to show that there are two obstacles that have led to the slow expansion of opportunities for technical training in Brazil until 2021, which are the derogatory character that professional education has acquired in the country over the years – a situation not observed among other industrialized countries compared here – and particularly the lack of integration between public and private initiatives to provide jobs and promote opportunities generated by a professional-level diploma. Another effort employed in this thesis was to demystify the fact that technical education, especially in Brazil, would be limited to training for outdated and essentially manual labor jobs. This monograph has as an attachment a publication in the form of a magazine, which presents the perspectives of the national industry in light of the changes brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the careers that,in 2021,would be in demand in the first half of the 21st century. The brochure that accompanies this final Masters project makes it clear that the professions expected to be in demand by the industry after the technological evolution process in the early 2020s were already available for enrollment in Brazil, but still had a low rate of adhesion. The conclusions lead to the connection of the propositions that converge in one of the reasons that explain the process of deindustrialization in Brazil, which was intensified by the Covid-19 pandemic at the turn of the decade, from the 2010sto the 2020s