A fronteira atual: atores e processos de governança na nova era espacial

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the governance implications of the rise of private commercial actors in the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space, taking into account the relationship between the global public interest in space and the private interests inserted in the process of commercialization of space activities and resources, which are regarded as global commons. In light of this, this dissertation shall endeavor to discuss new governance arrangements emerging from globalization and shall offer an overview of the current mechanisms of space governance, with a particular emphasis on the multilateral system, pointing towards the persistence of governance gaps that can lead to the emergence of multistakeholder arrangements and international tension between the spacefaring powers. At last, but not least, an analysis of the NewSpace Revolution and the new economy of the space sector shall be presented, with the Artemis program being considered the central node of the space value chains, also in order to shed light onto the private commercial gains in the use of outer space. The reported findings shall be that the global space governance is becoming increasingly fragmented between domestic policies, bilateral agreements and multistakeholder governance arrangements. As a consequence, a trend towards the juxtaposition of private commercial interests and the global public interest in outer space is observed, alongside the gradual deconstruction of the classification of outer space as a global common. Outer space thus appears as a present frontier for the creation of an international order and for the expansion of global capitalism beyond planetary boundaries, although remaining planetarily contextualized